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Concerning the infant, two major indicators of a successful pregnancy are: 1) gestation period longer than _______________ weeks and 2) birth weight greater than _______________ pounds

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Which trimester is an especially critical period when poor nutrition or drug use can result in birth defects?


A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Final

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Vitamin needs generally increase during pregnancy. For example, the requirement for _______________ increases by 50%

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folate fol...

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The main proteins in breast milk are more easily _______________ than the major protein cows' milk.

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Patricia's physician tells her she needs more folate in her diet during pregnancy. She should do which of the following?


A) Drink orange juice.
B) Eat beef.
C) Eat more cheese.
D) Eat more fish.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following statements is important for infant feeding?


A) The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of a child's life.
B) Breastfeeding has no advantage over formula-feeding, so the latter is the feeding practice of choice.
C) Working mothers should avoid breastfeeding.
D) Cows' milk can be introduced safely when the child is 3 months old.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Toxicity of _______________ is linked with birth defects.

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The energy cost for lactation is _______________ kcal per day

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The organ that nourishes the fetus in the mother's womb is called the


A) ovum.
B) umbilicus.
C) placenta.
D) embryo.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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The first milk made by the human breast is _______________. It is produced from a few days before birth to a week or so after birth.

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All of the following are barriers to breastfeeding except


A) lack of role models.
B) having to carry a lot of equipment when traveling.
C) misinformation.
D) fear of appearing immodest.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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B

Extra kcalories for pregnancy are needed mostly during which trimester(s) ?


A) First
B) Second and third
C) Second
D) First and third

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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The need for extra iron during pregnancy is greatest during which trimester(s) ?


A) First
B) First and second
C) Second
D) Second and third

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The major problems with breastfeeding usually are due to a lack of _______________

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informatio...

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Which of the following is not true about the let-down reflex?


A) It is needed to make milk available to the infant.
B) It can be inhibited by anxiety or nervous tension.
C) It is triggered by the release of the hormone estrogen.
D) After a few weeks of lactation, it becomes automatic.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Total weight gain during pregnancy, for an ideal-weight female, should average _______________ to _______________ pounds

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During pregnancy, it is particularly important to make sure to consume adequate


A) saturated fatty acids.
B) trans fatty acids.
C) cholesterol.
D) essential fatty acids-linoleic acid (omega-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3) .

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is true about protein intake during pregnancy?


A) The RDA for protein increases by about 25 grams per day over that for the nonpregnant state.
B) Women probably do not get enough protein in typical diets to meet their total needs for pregnancy.
C) The RDA for protein increases by about 10 to 15 grams per day.
D) The RDA for protein increases by about 5 to 10 grams per day.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A

During the first trimester, a woman should gain ______ pounds.


A) 1 to 3
B) 2 to 4
C) 5 to 9
D) 10 to 14

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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B

Women suffering from chronic alcoholism produce children with a recognizable pattern of malformations called


A) chronic cirrhosis.
B) muscular dystrophy.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) .

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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