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Exam 5: Learning

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Question 41

Multiple Choice

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Applied behavior analysis is based on the concept of

A) classical conditioning.
B) observational learning.
C) latent learning.
D) operant conditioning.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Question 42

Multiple Choice

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Bubba, a very smart German shepherd, has learned that if he barks at the neighbors while they're grilling, they will throw him a candy.However, his owner, Paul, does not want Bubba to eat candy as it is not good for his health.He does not allow Bubba to eat candies from the neighbor.When Paul is in the yard, Bubba never barks at the neighbors.According to operant-conditioning principles, Bubba is demonstrating that he can

A) generalize.
B) substitute secondary reinforcers when primary reinforcers are not available.
C) learn a partial-reinforcement schedule.
D) discriminate.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Question 43

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Tolman demonstrated that rats can learn to run a maze correctly even though they were never reinforced for successfully running through it.This demonstrated that the rats called on their _____ to help them reach the end of the maze more quickly.

According to E.C.Tolman,

Identify an accurate statement related to operant conditioning.

_____ is a learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response.

Before the bell was ever presented, Pavlov's dog salivated each time food was presented.In this situation, salivation is the

Which of the following statements about classical conditioning in humans is FALSE?

Which of the following is an example of instinctive drift?

Lightning is associated with thunder and regularly precedes it.Thus, when we see lightning, we often anticipate that we will hear thunder soon afterward.This is an example of

Psychologists who examine learning from a behavioral perspective define learning as

Miguel has been unable to sleep for the past one week.His wife gives him a vitamin pill and tells him that it will help him sleep at night.The next morning, Miguel is thrilled because he has slept better than ever before.In this scenario, Miguel's response to the vitamin can be attributed to

Little Albert was conditioned by John Watson to fear a white rat.Eventually, however, Albert became fearful of any stimulus that looked white and furry.He became scared not only of rats, but also of rabbits, dogs, and even sealskin coats.This study illustrates

Dr.Meyer is known for his difficult pop quizzes.Typically, before he conducts a pop quiz for his students, he shuts the classroom door.Students soon learn to anticipate a pop quiz whenever Dr.Meyer closes the classroom door.In this case, closing the door has become a(n)

Organisms learn about the consequences of behavior through

Robert drank too much tequila last night.He spent much of this morning vomiting.According to the principles of classical conditioning, how will Robert likely react today when he tastes or smells the tequila bottle that he drank out of last night?

Ally, an athlete, believes she does not have the ability to improve her running time, despite her practicing every day.Which of the following explains Ally's attitude?

In operant conditioning, _____ means performing a reinforced behavior in a different situation.

_____, a third element of observational learning, is the process of imitating the model's actions.

Taste aversion is an example of