Question 1

Which of the following is TRUE with regard to the deception of research participants?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is not allowed under any circumstances.
B)  The researcher must tell the participants about the deception after the study.
C)  The researcher must obtain approval of the procedure from a special national review board.
D)  The researcher need only tell the participants about the deception if not telling them would place the participants in any harm.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

In an experimental study

Accepted Answer

A)  the independent variable is manipulated.
B)  the dependent variable is manipulated.
C)  both the independent variable and the dependent variable are manipulated.
D)  the environment is manipulated.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Which research method often suffers from losing research participants due to high dropout rates or even death?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-sectional study
B)  Longitudinal study
C)  Family study
D)  Twin studyE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of treatment process research?

Accepted Answer

A)  examining the impact of Prozac on depression
B)  determining how many therapy sessions it takes for most anxiety patients to feel better
C)  examining the impact of Prozac on serotonin levels
D)  determining which treatment reduces patients' anxiety in the fewest number of sessionsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

The Surgeon General gathered data that demonstrated that the more people smoked, the more likely they were to develop lung cancer, heart disease and other dangerous illnesses.This data demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  that there is a positive correlation between smoking and serious illnesses such as lung cancer.
B)  that there is a negative correlation between smoking and serious illnesses such as lung cancer.
C)  that smoking causes lung cancer and other serious illnesses.
D)  there is no relationship between smoking and lung cancer or other serious illnesses.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 6

The basis of an experiment is

Accepted Answer

A)  the manipulation of a dependent variable.
B)  examining the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable.
C)  the manipulation of an independent variable.
D)  in-depth fact-gathering regarding many variables.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Statistical significance determines whether an observed difference between a treatment and control group is likely due to

Accepted Answer

A)  random assignment.
B)  external validity.
C)  chance.
D)  confounds.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Of the following, which hypothesis would NOT be appropriate given the concept of testability:

Accepted Answer

A)  Behaviour is influenced by the rewards that follow the behaviour.
B)  Children who view aggression are more likely to act in an aggressive manner.
C)  Invisible forces influence our behaviour every day.
D)  Personality traits can be influenced by genetics.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

The two most frequently used methods in prevention research for examining psychopathology across time are

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal and case study.
B)  case study and experimental.
C)  longitudinal and cross-sectional.
D)  experimental and cross-sectional.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

The type of study that generally does not follow the scientific method and typically contains many confounds is the

Accepted Answer

A)  case study.
B)  correlation model.
C)  true experiment.
D)  longitudinal study.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Dr Smith uses a sample of participants in his memory study.Any conclusions that can be drawn from the results may be applied to the general population if there is a high degree of

Accepted Answer

A)  internal reliability.
B)  external reliability.
C)  internal validity.
D)  external validity.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

One important difference between a typical case study and the single-case experiment is that the single-case experiment attempts to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the number of confounding variables.
B)  improve external validity.
C)  improve internal validity.
D)  utilise a single strategy to reduce confounds.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

In well-designed research studies, medications that enhance serotonin functioning have been found to help patients recover from episodes of depression.Given the realities of the patient uniformity myth, it would be a mistake to conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  most depressed patients will be helped substantially by these medications.
B)  all depressed patients will be helped by these medications.
C)  research can help us determine which treatments should be used for specific disorders.
D)  medication can be an appropriate treatment for a psychological disorder.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

If a match is found between the inheritance of a disorder and a genetic marker, the genes for both are probably

Accepted Answer

A)  on different chromosomes.
B)  on different ends of the same chromosome.
C)  identical.
D)  close together on the same chromosome.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Any factor in a research study that makes the results uninterpretable is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable.
B)  confound.
C)  dependent variable.
D)  confluence.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 16

A researcher is studying how depression tends to be experienced by people of different ages.The researcher interviews depressed adolescents, young adults, individuals in their 30s and 50s, and those over 70.The research design being used is called

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional.
B)  longitudinal.
C)  experimental.
D)  case-study.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Researchers use _____________ to attempt to control for the phenomenon called the 'allegiance effect', which occurs when experimenter bias influences research outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation studies
B)  double-blind control
C)  epidemiological studies
D)  placebo pillsE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

The more time one spends exercising, the less one generally weighs.The correlation between time on a treadmill each month and overall body weight would represent a(n)  ______ correlation.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive
B)  zero
C)  negative
D)  causalE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Placebos are used in experiments to

Accepted Answer

A)  control for the variability of individuals who tend to volunteer for research studies.
B)  control for the expectations of some research participants that they will improve just because they are in a research study.
C)  help determine whether an independent variable actually causes a statistically significant change in a dependent variable.
D)  make certain that the treatment and control group are randomly selected.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

A hypothesis is defined as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  theory.
B)  empirical conclusion.
C)  research study.
D)  educated guess.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 4: Research Methods

The two most frequently used methods in prevention research for examining psychopathology across time are

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The type of study that generally does not follow the scientific method and typically contains many confounds is the

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In an experimental study

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Researchers use _____________ to attempt to control for the phenomenon called the 'allegiance effect', which occurs when experimenter bias influences research outcomes.

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Which of the following is TRUE with regard to the deception of research participants?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A hypothesis is defined as a(n)

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In well-designed research studies, medications that enhance serotonin functioning have been found to help patients recover from episodes of depression.Given the realities of the patient uniformity myth, it would be a mistake to conclude that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Statistical significance determines whether an observed difference between a treatment and control group is likely due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr Smith uses a sample of participants in his memory study.Any conclusions that can be drawn from the results may be applied to the general population if there is a high degree of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One important difference between a typical case study and the single-case experiment is that the single-case experiment attempts to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher is studying how depression tends to be experienced by people of different ages.The researcher interviews depressed adolescents, young adults, individuals in their 30s and 50s, and those over 70.The research design being used is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Placebos are used in experiments to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Surgeon General gathered data that demonstrated that the more people smoked, the more likely they were to develop lung cancer, heart disease and other dangerous illnesses.This data demonstrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of treatment process research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Any factor in a research study that makes the results uninterpretable is called a(n)

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Of the following, which hypothesis would NOT be appropriate given the concept of testability:

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Which research method often suffers from losing research participants due to high dropout rates or even death?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The more time one spends exercising, the less one generally weighs.The correlation between time on a treadmill each month and overall body weight would represent a(n) ______ correlation.

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The basis of an experiment is

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If a match is found between the inheritance of a disorder and a genetic marker, the genes for both are probably

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