Question 1

Some cases of CJD may be caused by a mutation of the PrP gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Pneumovax is a vaccine for prevention of disease caused by strains of Neisseria meningitidis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What is the likelihood that a patient infected by West Nile virus will develop West Nile encephalitis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Less than 1%
B)   Between 1% and 10%
C)   Between 10% and 15%
D)   Greater than 20%
E)   Greater than 50%F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Production of a neurotoxin that prevents acetylcholine release from motor neurons at neuromuscular junctions is a characteristic of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Clostridium tetani
B)   Clostridium perfringens
C)   Clostridium botulinum
D)   Clostridium diﬃcileE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Cultivation of Coccidioides species to conﬁrm a diagnosis of Valley Fever is accomplished by plating the samples on ______ agar.

Accepted Answer

A)   chocolate
B)   blood
C)   Sabourad's
D)   birdseedE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

In both botulism and tetanus, respiratory muscles cannot facilitate breathing and, if untreated, respiratory collapse leads to death.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The preferred preventative measure for polio in the United States is the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   inactive vaccine developed by Jonas Salk
B)   oral, active vaccine developed by Jonas Salk
C)   inactive vaccine developed by Albert Sabin
D)   oral, active vaccine developed by Albert Sabin
E)   No preventative measures are used because polio has been eradicated in the United States.F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

Which of the following pertains to both tetanus and foodborne botulism?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are caused by enterotoxins of the pathogen.
B)   Nausea and diarrhea are symptoms.
C)   An exotoxin blocks acetylcholine release.
D)   They occur when endospore-contaminated soil enters deep wounds.
E)   Treatment involves antitoxin therapy.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

A group is planning a cross-country hike on the Paci?c Crest Trail, from the Mexican border, through California, Oregon, and Washington, to the Canadian border. Which of the following should not be a concern for the group while on this trip?

Accepted Answer

A)   Rabies
B)   Valley Fever
C)   Powassan Virus
D)   West Nile EncephalitisE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Tetanus differs from botulism in that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   tetanus results in ﬂaccid paralysis, while botulism paralysis is rigid
B)   tetanus results from an exotoxin, botulism from an endotoxin
C)   there is a vaccine for botulism but not for tetanus
D)   muscles cannot relax in tetanus, while muscles cannot contract in botulism
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

In paralytic polio, which structures are damaged?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sensory nerves
B)   Brain stem
C)   Anterior horn cells
D)   Diaphragm
E)   Peripheral nervesF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following does not apply to Neisseria meningitidis?

Accepted Answer

A)   It can be easily transmitted in day care facilities, dorms, and military barracks.
B)   It is a common cause of bacterial pneumonia.
C)   It causes a serious meningitis.
D)   Its reservoir is the nasopharynx of human carriers.
E)   Its virulence factors include a capsule, pili, endotoxin, and IgA protease.F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

Patients with Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease live ______ post diagnosis.

Accepted Answer

A)   less than 1 year
B)   1 to 5 years
C)   5 to 10 years
D)   10 to 20 years
E)   greater than 25 yearsF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 14

The presence of Neisseria in a sample of cerebrospinal ﬂuid indicates that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   the patient has an infection with Neisseria
B)   the patient has previously had an infection with Neisseria
C)   there is a deﬁciency in the patient's blood-brain barrier
D)   the patient is healthy; Neisseria is part of the normal biotaE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Both Streptococcus pneumoniae and Cryptococcus neoformans are causes of meningitis, and both are diagnosed by microscopic observation. How are they distinguished in the microscope?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cryptococcus is a fungus whereas Streptococcus is a bacterium; cells will be dramatically different in complexity and size.
B)   These organisms have different cellular arrangements; Streptococcus form chains, whereas Cryptococcus forms irregular clusters of cells.
C)   Because Cryptococcus is a fungus, it will not react in the Gram stain, and the cells will always remain colorless.
D)   Streptococcus has a prominent capsule that can be observed by negative staining of the sample.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Arthrospores of Coccidioides immitis develop into ______ that will release endospores into the lungs.

Accepted Answer

A)   capsules
B)   hyphae
C)   buds
D)   capsids
E)   spherulesF) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 17

The organism found in contaminated powdered infant formula that can cause meningitis is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Escherichia coli O157:H7
B)   Cronobacter sakazakii
C)   Cryptococcus neoformans
D)   Escherichia coli K1
E)   Streptococcus agalactiaeF) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

The food-borne disease that involves neurotoxin is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   botulism
B)   Bacillus cereus intoxication
C)   gastrointestinal anthrax
D)   Clostridium perfringens gastroenteritisE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Prions can be transmitted by all of the following except _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   ingesting brain material
B)   ingesting meat from infected animals
C)   surgical instruments
D)   cornea transplants
E)   All of the choices have been documented as methods of prion transmission.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 20

Each of the following statements is true for Toxoplasma gondii except that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   infection often fatal for AIDS patients
B)   it can cause stillbirth
C)   it has a narrow host range
D)   it is a ﬂagellated parasiteE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Exam 19: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Cultivation of Coccidioides species to conﬁrm a diagnosis of Valley Fever is accomplished by plating the samples on ______ agar.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both Streptococcus pneumoniae and Cryptococcus neoformans are causes of meningitis, and both are diagnosed by microscopic observation. How are they distinguished in the microscope?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Arthrospores of Coccidioides immitis develop into ______ that will release endospores into the lungs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of the following statements is true for Toxoplasma gondii except that _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A group is planning a cross-country hike on the Paci?c Crest Trail, from the Mexican border, through California, Oregon, and Washington, to the Canadian border. Which of the following should not be a concern for the group while on this trip?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pertains to both tetanus and foodborne botulism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some cases of CJD may be caused by a mutation of the PrP gene.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The preferred preventative measure for polio in the United States is the _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The organism found in contaminated powdered infant formula that can cause meningitis is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The presence of Neisseria in a sample of cerebrospinal ﬂuid indicates that _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not apply to Neisseria meningitidis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tetanus differs from botulism in that _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Production of a neurotoxin that prevents acetylcholine release from motor neurons at neuromuscular junctions is a characteristic of ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the likelihood that a patient infected by West Nile virus will develop West Nile encephalitis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pneumovax is a vaccine for prevention of disease caused by strains of Neisseria meningitidis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Patients with Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease live ______ post diagnosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The food-borne disease that involves neurotoxin is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prions can be transmitted by all of the following except _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In paralytic polio, which structures are damaged?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In both botulism and tetanus, respiratory muscles cannot facilitate breathing and, if untreated, respiratory collapse leads to death.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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