Question 1

The normal sequence of action of these components of the hormonal hierarchy is:

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal cortex  →\rightarrow→ hypothalamus  →\rightarrow→  anterior pituitary.
B)  anterior pituitary  →\rightarrow→  adrenal cortex  →\rightarrow→  hypothalamus.
C)  anterior pituitary  →\rightarrow→  hypothalamus  →\rightarrow→  adrenal cortex.
D)  hypothalamus  →\rightarrow→  adrenal cortex  →\rightarrow→  anterior pituitary.
E)  hypothalamus  →\rightarrow→  anterior pituitary  →\rightarrow→  adrenal cortex. F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 2

Describe five possible fates of amino acids arriving in the liver after intestinal uptake.

Accepted Answer

Possible answers include:
(1)synthesis ...

Question 3

Provide some distinguishing characteristics between peptide hormones and thyroid hormones.

Accepted Answer

Although both peptide hormones and thyro...

Question 4

An example of a steroid hormone is:

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine.
B)  retinoic acid.
C)  testosterone.
D)  thromboxane.
E)  thyroxine.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 5

Describe five possible fates for glucose 6-phosphate in the liver.

Accepted Answer

Possible answers include:
(1)conversion...

Question 6

Some hormones trigger very rapid responses,whereas for others the response takes much longer to develop.What generalization about the mechanisms of action of these two types of hormones can explain the differences in response times?

Accepted Answer

Fast-acting hormones affect th...

Question 7

What is leptin? How does it function in the long-term maintenance of body mass?

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a small polypeptide that is pr...

Question 8

The tropic hormones (such as thyrotropin,somatotropin,and luteinizing hormone) are produced and released by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior pituitary.
B)  hypothalamus.
C)  ovaries.
D)  pancreas.
E)  posterior pituitary.F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 9

Which one of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The brain prefers glucose as an energy source,but can use ketone bodies.
B)  Muscle cannot use fatty acids as an energy source.
C)  In a well-fed human,about equal amounts of energy are stored as glycogen and as triacylglycerol.
D)  Fatty acids cannot be used as an energy source in humans because humans lack the enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle.
E)  Amino acids are a preferable energy source over fatty acids.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 10

A major difference between white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue is that only:

Accepted Answer

A)  white adipose tissue stores fatty acids as triacylglycerols.
B)  brown adipose tissue degrades fatty acids via the citric acid cycle.
C)  brown adipose tissue contains thermogenin.
D)  white adipose tissue contains adipocytes.
E)  white adipose tissue responds to hormone signals.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

Provide some distinguishing characteristics between eicosanoids and hormones such as epinephrine.

Accepted Answer

Eicosanoids are paracrine hormones deriv...

Question 12

The hormone leptin appetite;insulin appetite.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases;increases
B)  increases;decreases
C)  decreases;increases
D)  decreases;decreases
E)  has no effect on;has no effect onF) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

Briefly explain the role of phosphocreatine in muscle.

Accepted Answer

During maximal muscle activity,muscle ce...

Question 14

Which of the following hormones stimulates appetite?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grehlin
B)  Insulin
C)  Adiponectin
D)  Both A and B
E)  Both A and CF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

Briefly describe the "lipid burden" hypothesis that explains the development of type 2 diabetes.

Accepted Answer

Excessive caloric intake by obese individuals causes adipocytes to become completely filled with triacyclglycerols,unable to take up and store any additional fatty acids.These lipid-filled adipocytes release signals that attract macrophages that invade the fat tissue and trigger an inflammatory response.The inflammatory response further impairs uptake of fatty acids and leads to even higher levels of free fatty acids in the bloodstream.The excess free fatty acids are taken up by the liver and muscle cells.The fatty acids are then converted to triacylglycerols and stored as lipid droplets.These lipid droplets are toxic to these cells,leading to eventual insulin resistance through a variety of mechanisms.

Question 16

The Cori cycle is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the conversion of lactate to pyruvate in skeletal muscle to drive glycogen synthesis.
B)  the interconversion between glycogen and glucose l-phosphate.
C)  the production of lactate from glucose in peripheral tissues with the resynthesis of glucose from lactate in liver.
D)  the synthesis of alanine from pyruvate in skeletal muscle and the synthesis of pyruvate from alanine in liver.
E)  the synthesis of urea in liver and degradation of urea to carbon dioxide and ammonia by bacteria in the gut.F) None of the above
G) D) and E) C

Question 17

In its role in the hormonal hierarchy,the hypothalamus produces and releases:

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine.
B)  insulin.
C)  progesterone.
D)  releasing factors.
E)  thyroxine.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

Name five general classes of hormones and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

(1) Peptide (e.g., insulin, glucagon);
...

Question 19

Epinephrine is an example of a(n) ____________ hormone.

Accepted Answer

A)  catecholamine
B)  eicosanoid
C)  paracrine
D)  peptide
E)  steroidF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 20

The peptide hormone adiponectin,produced in adipose tissue,circulates in the blood and:

Accepted Answer

A)  enhances fatty acid synthesis in liver cells.
B)  increases the rate of  β\betaβ -oxidation of fatty acids in muscle cells.
C)  inhibits glucose uptake and catabolism in muscle and liver cells.
D)  reduces the transport of fatty acids into muscle cells.
E)  stimulates gluconeogenesis in liver cells. F) A) and C)
G) All of the above B

Exam 23: Integration and Hormonal Regulation of Mammalian Metabolism

The normal sequence of action of these components of the hormonal hierarchy is:

Correct Answer
verified

Describe five possible fates of amino acids arriving in the liver after intestinal uptake.

Correct Answer
verified
Possible answers include:
(1)synthesis ...
View Answer

Provide some distinguishing characteristics between peptide hormones and thyroid hormones.

Correct Answer
verified
Although both peptide hormones and thyro...
View Answer

An example of a steroid hormone is:

Correct Answer
verified

Describe five possible fates for glucose 6-phosphate in the liver.

Correct Answer
verified
Possible answers include:
(1)conversion...
View Answer

Some hormones trigger very rapid responses,whereas for others the response takes much longer to develop.What generalization about the mechanisms of action of these two types of hormones can explain the differences in response times?

Correct Answer
verified
Fast-acting hormones affect th...
View Answer

What is leptin? How does it function in the long-term maintenance of body mass?

Correct Answer
verified
Leptin is a small polypeptide that is pr...
View Answer

The tropic hormones (such as thyrotropin,somatotropin,and luteinizing hormone) are produced and released by the:

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following statements is true?

Correct Answer
verified

A major difference between white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue is that only:

Correct Answer
verified

Provide some distinguishing characteristics between eicosanoids and hormones such as epinephrine.

Correct Answer
verified
Eicosanoids are paracrine hormones deriv...
View Answer

The hormone leptin appetite;insulin appetite.

Correct Answer
verified

Briefly explain the role of phosphocreatine in muscle.

Correct Answer
verified
During maximal muscle activity,muscle ce...
View Answer

Which of the following hormones stimulates appetite?

Correct Answer
verified

Briefly describe the "lipid burden" hypothesis that explains the development of type 2 diabetes.

The Cori cycle is:

Correct Answer
verified
C

In its role in the hormonal hierarchy,the hypothalamus produces and releases:

Correct Answer
verified

Name five general classes of hormones and give an example of each.

Correct Answer
verified
(1) Peptide (e.g., insulin, glucagon);
...
View Answer

Epinephrine is an example of a(n) ____________ hormone.

Correct Answer
verified

The peptide hormone adiponectin,produced in adipose tissue,circulates in the blood and:

Correct Answer
verified
B

Exam 23: Integration and Hormonal Regulation of Mammalian Metabolism

The normal sequence of action of these components of the hormonal hierarchy is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe five possible fates of amino acids arriving in the liver after intestinal uptake.

Correct AnswerverifiedPossible answers include: (1)synthesis ...View AnswerShow Answer

Provide some distinguishing characteristics between peptide hormones and thyroid hormones.

Correct AnswerverifiedAlthough both peptide hormones and thyro...View AnswerShow Answer

An example of a steroid hormone is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe five possible fates for glucose 6-phosphate in the liver.

Correct AnswerverifiedPossible answers include: (1)conversion...View AnswerShow Answer

Some hormones trigger very rapid responses,whereas for others the response takes much longer to develop.What generalization about the mechanisms of action of these two types of hormones can explain the differences in response times?

Correct AnswerverifiedFast-acting hormones affect th...View AnswerShow Answer

What is leptin? How does it function in the long-term maintenance of body mass?

Correct AnswerverifiedLeptin is a small polypeptide that is pr...View AnswerShow Answer

The tropic hormones (such as thyrotropin,somatotropin,and luteinizing hormone) are produced and released by the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major difference between white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue is that only:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Provide some distinguishing characteristics between eicosanoids and hormones such as epinephrine.

Correct AnswerverifiedEicosanoids are paracrine hormones deriv...View AnswerShow Answer

The hormone leptin appetite;insulin appetite.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly explain the role of phosphocreatine in muscle.

Correct AnswerverifiedDuring maximal muscle activity,muscle ce...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following hormones stimulates appetite?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly describe the "lipid burden" hypothesis that explains the development of type 2 diabetes.

The Cori cycle is:

Correct AnswerverifiedC

In its role in the hormonal hierarchy,the hypothalamus produces and releases:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Name five general classes of hormones and give an example of each.

Correct Answerverified(1) Peptide (e.g., insulin, glucagon); ...View AnswerShow Answer

Epinephrine is an example of a(n) ____________ hormone.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The peptide hormone adiponectin,produced in adipose tissue,circulates in the blood and:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Possible answers include:
(1)synthesis ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Although both peptide hormones and thyro...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Possible answers include:
(1)conversion...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Fast-acting hormones affect th...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Leptin is a small polypeptide that is pr...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Eicosanoids are paracrine hormones deriv...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
During maximal muscle activity,muscle ce...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
(1) Peptide (e.g., insulin, glucagon);
...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
B